At Concept life sciences we support many new drug modalities. These innovative approaches in drug development go beyond traditional small molecule drugs. Examples include targeted protein degraders, gene therapies, RNA-based therapeutics, and antibody drug conjugates. Discovery and preclinical testing for these modalities involves assessing safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics in laboratory and animal models. For gene therapies, this might include testing in cell cultures and animal models to ensure targeted gene delivery and expression. RNA-based therapeutics, such as mRNA vaccines, undergo preclinical testing to evaluate their safety profile and effectiveness in inducing desired cellular responses. Targeted protein degraders also require bespoke design beyond the classical rule of 5 with adapted bioassays elucidated the complex pharmacology associated with their mechanism of action.